⭐ Direct Speech → Indirect Speech
Direct Speech (प्रत्यक्ष वाक्य) – किसी के बोले शब्द उसी के शब्दों में “ ” में।
Indirect Speech (परोक्ष वाक्य) – बोले हुए शब्दों का अर्थ अपने शब्दों में बिना “ ” बताए।
⭐ PART–1 : बदलने के 5 मुख्य नियम (Universal Rules)
✔ 1. Inverted Commas (“ ”) हट जाते हैं
Direct → “ ”
Indirect → that/if/to (वाक्य के प्रकार के अनुसार)
✔ 2. Reporting Verb बदलती है
| Direct में | Indirect में |
|---|---|
| said | said (अगर object न हो) |
| said to | told |
| say | say (universal truth) |
| ask | asked |
| say to | tell |
✔ 3. Tense एक कदम पीछे जाता है
अगर Reporting Verb said/asked past में हो:
| Direct Tense | Indirect Tense |
|---|---|
| Present Simple (go) | Past Simple (went) |
| Present Continuous (is going) | Past Continuous (was going) |
| Present Perfect (has gone) | Past Perfect (had gone) |
| Past Simple (went) | Past Perfect (had gone) |
| Past Continuous (was going) | Past Continuous (कोई बदल नहीं) |
नोट: Universal Truth बदलता नहीं।
Example:
Direct: Teacher said, “The Sun rises in the east.”
Indirect: Teacher said that the Sun rises in the east.
✔ 4. Pronoun बदलते हैं (I → he/she)
Pronoun बदलना बहुत जरूरी है:
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| I | he/she |
| me | him/her |
| my | his/her |
| we | they |
| you | I/we/he/she (context पर depend) |
✔ 5. Time & Place Words बदलते हैं
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| today | that day |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| yesterday | the previous day |
| now | then |
| here | there |
| this | that |
| these | those |
⭐ PART–2 : वाक्य के प्रकार (5 Types)
⭐ 1. Assertive Sentences (वर्णनात्मक वाक्य)
जिनमें सामान्य बयान, सूचना, विचार हों।
✔ STRUCTURE
Direct → said, “statement”
Indirect → said/told + that + statement
✔ Example 1
Direct: Riya said, “I am tired.”
► Step 1: said → said
► Step 2: “ ” हटाकर → that
► Step 3: I → she
► Step 4: am → was
Indirect: Riya said that she was tired.
✔ Example 2
Direct: He said to me, “You help me.”
► Step: said to → told
► Pronoun: you → I
Indirect: He told me that I helped him.
✔ Example 3 (Past)
Direct: They said, “We played cricket.”
→ We → they
→ played → had played
Indirect: They said that they had played cricket.
⭐ 2. Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)
दो प्रकार
- Wh-word वाले प्रश्न
- Yes/No वाले प्रश्न
⭐ (A) Wh-Question
what, when, where, why, who, how
✔ STRUCTURE
Direct: said, “Wh-word + question?”
Indirect: asked + wh-word + normal sentence
✔ Example 1
Direct: She said, “Where are you going?”
► said → asked
► you → I
► are going → was going
Indirect: She asked where I was going.
✔ Example 2
Direct: Rohan said to me, “Why are you late?”
► said to → asked
► are → were
► you → I
Indirect: Rohan asked me why I was late.
⭐ (B) Yes/No Question
if / whether जोड़ते हैं।
✔ STRUCTURE
Direct: “Do/Does/Is/Are…?”
Indirect: asked + if/whether + statement
✔ Example 1
Direct: He said to me, “Do you like mangoes?”
► said to → asked
► if जोड़ें
► like → liked
Indirect: He asked me if I liked mangoes.
✔ Example 2
Direct: Teacher said, “Is the test today?”
► said → asked
► today → that day
Indirect: Teacher asked if the test was that day.
⭐ 3. Imperative Sentences (आदेश, अनुरोध, सलाह)
Verb की first form से शुरू होते हैं।
✔ STRUCTURE
Direct: said to + “verb…”
Indirect: ordered/requested/advised + to + verb
⭐ (A) Order (आदेश)
ordered + to + verb
Example 1
Direct: The teacher said, “Sit down.”
Indirect: The teacher ordered the students to sit down.
⭐ (B) Request (अनुरोध)
requested + to + verb
Example 2
Direct: He said to me, “Please give me water.”
► said to → requested
► please हट जाता है
Indirect: He requested me to give him water.
⭐ (C) Advice (सलाह)
advised + to + verb
Example 3
Direct: Father said to me, “Work hard.”
Indirect: Father advised me to work hard.
⭐ 4. Exclamatory Sentences (विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य)
भावनाएँ = खुशी, दुख, हैरानी, गुस्सा, आश्चर्य
Exclamatory words: hurrah, alas, oh!, wow!, what!, how!
✔ STRUCTURE
Direct: said + “exclamatory sentence!”
Indirect: exclaimed with joy/sorrow/surprise + that + statement
✔ Example 1 — Happiness (Hurrah!)
Direct: He said, “Hurrah! We won the match.”
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
✔ Example 2 — Sadness (Alas!)
Direct: She said, “Alas! My brother is ill.”
Indirect: She exclaimed with sorrow that her brother was ill.
✔ Example 3 — Surprise
Direct: Riya said, “What a big house!”
Indirect: Riya exclaimed in surprise that the house was very big.
⭐ 5. Optative Sentences (कामना/आशीर्वाद वाले वाक्य)
may से शुरू – शुभकामना, दुआ, आशीर्वाद
✔ STRUCTURE
said + “may…” → wished/prayed that + would/should
✔ Example 1
Direct: She said, “May you pass the exam.”
Indirect: She wished that I would pass the exam.
✔ Example 2
Direct: He said, “May God help you.”
Indirect: He prayed that God would help me.
⭐ Mixed Examples
✔ Example 1
Direct: Mohan said, “I will go tomorrow.”
Indirect: Mohan said that he would go the next day.
✔ Example 2
Direct: She said to him, “Are you coming now?”
Indirect: She asked him if he was coming then.
✔ Example 3
Direct: He said, “These books are mine.”
Indirect: He said that those books were his.
Worksheet
🟢 PART–1 : EASY LEVEL (आसान स्तर)
Direct Speech को Indirect Speech में बदलिए:
1. Riya said, “I am happy.”
2. He said to me, “You are my friend.”
3. They said, “We play cricket.”
4. She said, “It is raining.”
5. He said, “I have finished my work.”
6. The teacher said, “The Sun rises in the east.”
7. He said, “My mother is a teacher.”
8. She said, “I can do it.”
9. They said, “We are going to school.”
10. He said, “I like sweets.”
🟡 PART–2 : MEDIUM LEVEL (मध्यम स्तर)
प्रश्नवाचक (Interrogative) + आदेश/अनुरोध (Imperative)
11. She said, “Where are you going?”
12. He said to me, “Do you like chocolate?”
13. Rohan said, “Why are you late?”
14. The teacher said to him, “Stand up.”
15. He said to me, “Please help me.”
16. Mother said to me, “Clean your room.”
17. She said, “Is the test today?”
18. He said, “How did you do this?”
19. Father said to me, “Work hard.”
20. He said to the boys, “Don’t make noise.”
🔴 PART–3 : HARD LEVEL (कठिन स्तर)
Exclamatory + Optative + Tense Change + Pronoun Change
21. He said, “Hurrah! We won.”
22. She said, “Alas! I lost my purse.”
23. He said, “What a beautiful flower!”
24. They said, “These books are ours.”
25. She said, “I will go tomorrow.”
26. He said to her, “Are you coming now?”
27. She said, “May God bless you.”
28. He said, “May you succeed.”
29. He said, “I saw him yesterday.”
30. She said, “I have been studying for two hours.”
No comments:
Post a Comment